AuthorMartin Hladík

A company built on values always offers something extra

Hana Součková, ManagIng Director, SAP Czech Republic

Hana Součková has been the Managing Director of SAP Czech Republic since August 2018. I’ve had the privilege of meeting Hanka several times . She guards her privacy closely, so I greatly appreciated that she was willing to give this interview for Czech and Slovak Leaders Magazine, discussing not only intelligent enterprise but also her leisure time. Our hour-long interview passed by quickly. Hanka spoke with enthusiasm about Czech customers, value-based companies, as well as mindfulness and the art of taking time for oneself. She spoke with fervour and passion about the necessity of continuous learning and about herself being always ready to take on new challenges. Hana Součková is deserving of her ranking amongst the 125 most influential Czech women.

Intelligent enterprise has been a key issue for SAP for two years now. What exactly does this term, which may be confusing to Czechs, involve?

From its very beginnings, SAP has always endeavoured to understand enterprise in general, as well as the processes of our key customers. We use the experiences thus gained to create best practices for particular fields within the software we have developed, so that we can subsequently share these procedures with the entire market. Our SAP S/4HANA application, in combination with our traditional applications for managing purchasing, marketing or human resources, offers us another opportunity to move forward the processes amongst our customers and thanks to the connectivity of all current technologies we receive a new angle which brings not only new insights but above all intelligent solutions. In a nutshell, intelligent enterprise is about assessing current best practices, which are under constant development. Remember what best practices used to be five years ago in different areas, whether in sales, human resources or purchasing, and compare it to the situation today. There is still room for further digitisation or optimisation but there will be much greater benefit in thinking about how to utilize the data we have available to us for new models of enterprise or for modifying processes in general.

Instead of incremental improvement, SAP also offers a disruptiveapproach,said todaytobetheonlysuitable approach for succeeding in an ever more complex and linked-up world.

Exactly. Personally, regarding the intelligent enterprise trend, I most appreciate the discussion with customers regarding our solutions and how our technologies can help them in their business. Customers are aware that trends of disruption and agile management are on the agenda, and they are looking for ways to support these more. Thus, we not only lead discussions on how things are now, but we also hold strategic discussions on the necessary targeted vision in ten years’ time, regardless of the current solution. Personally, I think it is important not to let oneself be tied down by history, or the current state of implemented solutions, but rather come to a point where the business or company begins to focus more on the future in terms of functionality, rather than mere reaction or modification of the current state.

Your talk for journalists, organised in a futuristic style within an interactive truck, was focused on customer experience. You proudly presented cases of large Czech companies which have grown from their original family firms over the last quarter- century, and which use SAP solutions for further expansion, now on a global scale.

I think these Czech companies represent the true wealth of the Czech economy. It is extraordinary that quite a large percentage are still managed by their founders. Founders who have built up companies on the foundations of a long-term vision, resting on authentic values, give the business something extra, and for you, that is a reason to come back to them. The next generation today has a different approach to loyalty than the previous generations. In this context, it is important to stress that values and the customer experience linked therein play a great role. So-called “customer experience” is another term that is hard to translate into Czech. It isn’t just about general experience, but increasingly about the emotional experience the customer links to a particular service. The young generation is responding increasingly to whether they can identify with a company, its campaigns, its representatives and the values it embodies. If they do not, they can conclusively reject that brand. SAP recently undertook the acquisition of Qualtrics in order to refine our data on customer experience, aiming to help our customers to answer the question of whether they have the right product for the right customer, offered at the right time and in the right way. Thus, we are now ready to help the company bridge the difference between what customers expect and what they actually get. In this way, intelligent enterprise is not only about actual operative data. Its strength is hidden in the ability to link together current data on company management as well as feelings, experiences and emotions experienced not just by our customers, but also by employees and business partners. This gives the enterprise new meaning.

You’ve said that a company built on values always offers something extra. But in the past, SAP had a reputation as a company offering a costly solution, and thus it focused above all on global corporations that could afford such a solution.

As I’ve already mentioned, SAP sets out to bring best practices to the market. However, you can only bring these when you have a customer base of a certain critical size, creating vital knowledge. Best practices do not evolve based on two or three single experiences. Nowadays, SAP has 437,000 customers worldwide, and more than half of them are so-called SMEs. These stunning numbers can often be taken by Czech companies with a pinch of salt, but it is the experience of our local customers that confirms that SAP is definitely not suited only for global corporations. There is a parallel here with cars in terms of the costs. A car will take you from A to B, but it all depends on speed, safety, comfort, etc. Each of us, whether we are individuals or legal entities, has the ability to make a choice. We offer not just best practices, but also safety in terms of transparency, audits and a connection to company values, long-term commitment and vision realisation. Since 2010, SAP has invested 70 billion USD in development, which has involved not just developing our flagship SAP S/4HANA database, but also follow-up acquisitions, thus meeting our long-term commitment to continue our efforts at innovation, keeping up with the times. In regard to prices, a cloud solution may be one option for optimisation.

Let’s return to the Czech customers, who are your core. I appreciated the fact that your conference was attended by hostesses in beautifully tailor made dresses from Bernhardt Fashion, a company that was also one of the winners of the SAP Quality Awards in the “business transformation” category.

I wouldn’t like to name specific companies here, because then I might leave out others. So let’s discuss specific customer groups. I’ve already mentioned companies that are still lead by their original owners, whom we have managed to persuade about the added value of our solutions, and we appreciate that our cooperation with these companies is long-term, allowing them scalable growth at a global level. For traditionally medium- large and large players with foreign ownership interest, we are successful in considering new solutions and possibilities for trying out new approaches. We cannot forget about public administration and national enterprises, which imitate the approach of corporations. With most of these companies, we cooperate in some measure of SAP transformation, and further use of the added value that SAP can offer today. These customers monitor new trends around the world using what we call expert user groups; recently, for example, a meeting was held with an entity with the notable acronym of SUGARRAIL, although this comprised experts in the railway.

SAP Czech Republic’s important status within the global corporation was most recently attested to by the fact that the new Managing Director for Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has chosen to work in Prague.

Tom Kindermans comes from Belgium and has had an international career not just within the EMEA region (Europe, the Middle East and Africa), but also the APJ region (Asia, Pacific, Japan). His wife is Czech so Prague was a natural choice. He has said he appreciates the fact that Prague is close to everywhere. Belgium is comparable to the Czech Republic. It is good that the region’s management is based in Prague and thus has a better overview of the diversity of all 16 countries the region comprises. Sometimes size can be both over and underestimated at the same time. In terms of opportunities, these seem to be the same everywhere. In reality, we have to serve the same number of ministries as our colleagues in large countries, but with a far smaller team. The magic of small countries within corporations can be compared to the magic of start-ups. You need to know how to select your priorities well; you cannot focus on everything. You also have better flexibility than in larger countries with large teams, which are more difficult to co-ordinate.

You’ve given many interviews, but you guard your privacy. I only found out from one of the interviews on SAP’s Facebook page that you follow three principles in your private life: family, yoga and planning. In your leisure time you have also managed to organise kids’ mountain bike races on the weekends.

Right now, I am reading a book in which one of the protagonists shared an experience, one that resonated with me. On the one hand, this person worked hard and intensely, but on the other hand enjoyed doing it all. Over time, ended up working for 20 hours a day and unable to disconnect. I hope that doesn’t happen to me (laughter). I had to give up organising mountain bike races after four years, because organising races in which 2000 children take part each year was basically more work. I think I am able to set a balance. My previous role was a regional one, so nowadays there is less travelling. I am aware, however, that my response to the question“How is it going?”is“Fast”. I sometimes regret not being able to experience the present moment more. On the other hand, during a crisis the wave passes over quickly and I don’t remain sad for long. In terms of yoga, I am still able to find the time for it. I’ve already mentioned the impact of emotions on decision-making, but essentially 27 emotions control our life, you have to give yourself the space to experience them and live them through. Yoga and mindfulness techniques are not objectives for me, but rather a means to take time out. The largest percentage of workaholics is amongst the thirty- something generation, who often do their work virtually and cannot set boundaries and unplug. I think one’s response to the question: “When did you last spend a whole day doing nothing?”may be a good indicator of whether they have succumbed to workaholism.

You give a lot of support to young girls in IT. What final advice would you give as a mentor?

I, myself, follow the advice: You always need to work on yourself. It doesn’t matter what your position is. Don’t work on yourself in order to achieve a particular position in five years; rather be ready to take on new impulses and ideas. I see today that some girls try too much to plan their future, and this narrows their opportunities. I studied at the Physical Education and Sports Faculty because I was interested in coaching and sport psychology. It might seem to some that I jump around too much, but I think we are shaped by all of our experiences. Last year, after a not particularly long period in a regional position, I transferred to my current local role. I consulted my husband on the matter, and he gave me support: Sure you’re ready. And I was.

For Czech and Slovak Leaders Magazine, Linda Štucbartová, DES, MBA

I Am Privileged to Serve in a Like-Minded Country

H.E. Gunta Pastore, Ambassador of Latvia to the Czech Republic

What comes to your mind when you hear Latvia?

Latvia deserves attention that goes beyond the “one of the three Baltic states” characteristic. According to the Lonely Planet guide, Latvia has much to offer, beyond its forests and architecturally rich cities and towns. The capital Riga, which is listed as a UNESCO heritage site, is famous for its art nouveau architecture, comparable to Vienna, St. Petersburg or Barcelona. The endless golden sandy beaches stretching along 500 kilometres coastline might be the second reason and a nice surprise for the first-time travellers. Economically, Latvia like Estonia has been quick with regards to high-tech development. Historically, next to the Czechoslovak Velvet Revolution, Latvia prides its history by the peaceful Singing Revolution which started already in 1987 and called for Baltic emancipation.
H.E. Gunta Pastore has served her country for 25 years; since November 2018 she has been the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Czech Republic. She holds three degrees and her Ph.D. thesis addressed the EU’s foreign policy and how small states can punch above their weight in EU.
We both exchanged experiences on what it meant to serve in diplomacy during the foundational times, when our countries were joining EU and NATO. However, soon our discussion turned to future challenges represented by EU unity or hybrid wars, the need for technology and innovation and last but not least women empowerment. Did you know that Latvia has above the average representation of women in the parliament, which is at 30.4 %? It also has the highest proportion of women in managerial positions (53%) and the highest proportion of women holding a doctoral degree in the world (60%).

What is the current status of Czech-Latvian relations?

I am happy to represent my country in the Czech Republic. We are friends and close allies. Both countries are members of EU and NATO and our views on many topics are almost identical. Our societies are vibrant; our people are hard- working and creative. This year we commemorate 30 years of the Baltic Way in Baltic States and 30 years of Velvet Revolution in the Czech Republic. In 30 years, both Czechs and Latvians have achieved a lot. Our successful development is based not only on own efforts, but also on the stability of international rules-based system. Today Latvia and the Czech Republic work together in the EU to advance competitiveness, cohesion, internal market, digitalization, to respond to hybrid and cyber-threats. We strongly support EU neighbours, including the East neighbours. Membership to NATO is essential for our countries. This year the Czech Republic celebrates 20th anniversary of accession to NATO and Latvia its 15th anniversary. Czech soldiers are part of the NATO battle group in Latvia and we are thankful to Czech pilots safeguarding the Baltic airspace. All this is a great signal of solidarity which is strengthening our region. The task of the embassy is to bring our people, represented not only by politicians, but also businesses, experts or artists, together. For me it is a great experience to work together with the Czech Foreign Ministry. Czech diplomats are open, skilled, cooperative and efficient.

What is the current country brand of Latvia? How did you manage to transform it from the geographical or historical definition of the post-Soviet Baltic state?

We are pragmatic EU and NATO member, and we belong to the Nordic Baltic region. We value the rule of law and human rights. I am proud that the former Judge of European Court of Justice Egils Levits has been elected as the new President of Latvia. Latvia is a green country combining rich cultural heritage and innovative spirit. We call our approach “Greenovative”, inspired by nature, advanced by scientists and put in practice by entrepreneurs. Latvia is a data driven nation, among global leaders in IT speed & consumption, our annual ICT sector growth is 15%. I am proud to say that our country is the ninth most literate nation in world, more than 60% of population speak three languages. Last year we celebrated the centenary of the Latvian statehood. The “Latvia 100” celebration was a genuine nationwide movement. The Latvian Song and Dance Festival 2018 was attended by 40,000 people. The festival is on the UNESCO Masterpieces of Oral Heritage list.

What are the challenges for your country? Are there any challenges specific for post-communist countries? Regarding the discourse before the EU parliament elections, some “old” EU member states brought back the “old” vs. “new” division between the member states.

I see all the myths regarding any imaginary divisions within the EU being dangerous. There are many potential divisions, including north vs. south or divisions on migration or convergence issue. Latvia wants to be a constructive EU and NATO partner and I see the same approach in the Czech Republic. After 15 years we are mature members of the EU and both countries have held successful Presidencies of the EU Council. The Baltic states are also eurozone members and they cooperate closely with the Nordic countries. When I came to the Czech Republic, I realized that the Czechs do not view their past as negative trait since the past gives us the opportunity to appreciate and take care of what we have achieved. Our people tend to look forward instead of backwards, our people are not tired of living in democracy, they are curious and full of energy.

Let me turn to your personal career journey. You have three degrees, studying at Vienna Diplomatic Academy, being a guest researcher at the Swedish Defense University in Stockholm, confirm the popular saying “learning being the new fitness”.

However, international studies are my true and unending area of interest, so after the regime change, I started to study political science, international relations and security studies. Diplomats need to learn constantly as the nature of the work evolves. Today we need to learn about cybersecurity or technological innovations.

How do you manage work-life balance? Being an ambassador sometimes entails two full time work loads. Working during the day, attending events in the evening and reading Financial Times before you go to bed.

I understood and learned the need for balance. I make sure to do a lot of physical activities to recharge my batteries. I also spend enough time withmyfamily.

Latvia seems to be the country for women. It follows the trend of Nordic countries having high proportion of women both in parliament as well as in managerial positions.

Women and men had equal rights to vote and be elected from the first day of foundation of Latvia in 1918, similarly to Czechoslovakia. With regards to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we have mostly women diplomats. We still have some stereotypes to challenge or the gender pay gap to address but I can see the situation changing and evolving very fast. Moreover, the country has already had a female President and Prime Minister. I believe that the future belongs to women.

What are your final words for Czech and Slovak Leaders Magazine readers?

Come and experience Latvia yourself. You will see how much in common our countries have. As the Czech Republic is now rebranding “the country for the future”, we also follow the trend and concentrate on our green innovations and technologies. Enjoy our capital Riga and profit from the sea. I hope you will feel there like it’s your second home which is exactly how I feel in the Czech Republic. We are indeed like-minded countries.

By Linda Štucbartová

I am proud of my Czechoslovakian Roots

Jill Meron, wife of H.E. Daniel Meron, the Ambassador of the State of Israel to the Czech Republic

Jill Meron is not only the wife of H.E. Daniel Meron, the Ambassador of the State of Israel to the Czech Republic, she is a mother of four, a shy but significant volunteer for many community activities and more recently, a dedicated family historian. When coming to Prague she knew that, this time, her husband’s posting would be a different one, as they arrived in a foreign country for the first time without their four adult children who remained in Israel studying and working. Little did she know that discovering her family relatives would lead her to a new mission: becoming a family genealogist. She ensured that memorial stones called “Stolpersteine”, which commemorate victims of Nazi persecution, were laid in Olomouc for three Lindenbaum family members, with their names, dates of birth and dates of death. Jill managed to accomplish a procedure that usually takes years in several months. Our readers might find it interesting to know that more than 70 000 Stolpersteine have been laid so far which makes the Stolpersteine project the world’s largest decentralized memorial. I met Jill in my favorite café at Slovanský dům garden. During our interview, we discussed not only the past and the Holocaust legacy but also the promising current stage and future of Czech-Israeli relations, shared views on motherhood and dual-career marriages and, last but not least, Jill’s various involvement in Prague charity and community life.

Let me begin with a famous Elie Wiesel quote that you used at the end of the Stolpersteine ceremony. “One person of integrity can make a difference”. In the general public view, the Stolpersteine is linked to the past, while you linked it to the present. You said you did it not for those who died but for your children and other children.

I wanted my children to realize how my family and the Lindenbaum family and their fates were closely related. It could have been my children’s grandparents just as easily. My grandparents were fortunate enough to escape from Vienna to London just after the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, the Lindenbaums were less fortunate and had nowhere to go.

You knew that you had Czechoslovakian origins that you are proud of. Has the discovery of the fate of other family members changed your perception of the Czech Republic?

I spent two years on the process of researching that led to the ceremony. It was an incredible learning process. I knew that I had family roots back in Uherské Hradiště. My grandmother used to tell me stories about going from Vienna to Uherské Hradiště and spending time with her Berger family cousins. However, the Lindenbaum family was from my grandfather’s side and my grandfather did not talk about his family. The whole process brought me into contact with historians, archivists and many other people I would not have met otherwise. Everybody was just so willing to help get as much information as possible. It was surprising to see how many people here care about the Jewish history. And so many people in the Czech Republic have Jewish heritage or roots. What made me sad is how little the Jewish life has been reflected in the modern history of the country. Yes, there was the Holocaust but I wasn’t aware of the fact that surviving Jews were not allowed to live as Jews after 1945. I didn’t understand the impact of communist persecution on Jewish life, the impact of the communist infiltration into the Community and other factors.

There was an interesting research presented on the occasion of the Czech- Israeli Innovation Day, addressing the “Neurobiological and psychological markers of reaction to extreme stress and its impact on offspring: a three-generation of Holocaust survivors and their offspring” carried by the Masaryk University. The issue of second and third generation of Holocaust survivors has been one that resonated within the Israeli society for the last couple of decades. The research proves that despite higher stress, survivors and their families also possess higher resilience and sense of fulfillment. How do you view the impact of your family experience on your life, as you mentioned that the Holocaust was part of what motivated you to leave England and move to Israel in 1985, as a 21-year-old graduate?

My childhood was heavily influenced by the Holocaust. In England, it is very common that as a sign of respect, you call you parents’ close friends auntie or uncle. My grandmother would never allow my mother to do that because all her real aunts and uncles were killed by the Nazis. We would never buy a German car or any other German products. This being said, we never considered ourselves as Holocaust survivors. Even if the case could be possibly made, as my grandparents left Vienna as refugees the day after the Nazis came. Personally, it never crossed my mind to associate any of my personal characteristics to my grandparents being refugees.

Let us move from the family past to the issue of motherhood. You have a profession of your own, at the same time you have been following your husband and supporting him in his career and raised four children on three continents. How do you see the reconciliation of the roles of a wife, a mother and a working professional?

I grew up in a different era. When I met my husband, he was already a cadet (attending Diplomatic Academy training – note by LŠ) in the Foreign Office and it was clear what his career path would be. I do not have a problem giving up on a career in order to give Daniel the opportunity to pursue his career. On the other hand, Daniel in pursuing his career, has always made choices that will allow me both professional satisfaction and prioritize our family values. As Daniel and I are both immigrants to Israel, we agreed that both a strong Jewish education and developing strong roots in Israel is important to our children. We made the decision to spend significant time in Israel between diplomatic postings at the expense of Daniel’s career. We also made the decision that Daniel would apply to a position to the US where I would be able to work and our children could attend a Jewish school. As in any relationship, partnership is important. There has to be give-and-take and the understanding that what is right for one person is not necessarily right for the other. Having said all that, I am not sure that if I had been born thirty years later, I would have thought in the same way. And I am sure that our daughters today have different expectations than my generation had.

Prague is the first posting where you do not work professionally, however, you have been incredibly busy and engaged in many community and non-profit organizations. On top of keeping up with the very busy schedule of Daniel, how do you manage to fit so many activities of yours?

I must say that not being engaged professionally was purely my decision. I said to Daniel that it could be reversed at any time, since I know I am highly employable. But it is true that over the course of two years, I have become incredibly busy that now I truly do not have time to work professionally. The advantage that I see is that I have the privilege of choosing. I can look at my calendar and in case of conflicts, I can make a choice. Not many people have that luxury. Literally, right before I moved to the Czech Republic, I was approached by the Diplomatic Spouses’ Association to become a Treasurer. I did not know that association but I said yes. I have never been a treasurer but I knew how to work with numbers, so I agreed. For the last two years, I was treasurer of the Diplomatic Spouses’ Association and each year we donated more than 2 mil. Czech crowns to various Czech charity organizations which I consider an amazing achievement. I have also been involved in the International Women’s Association of Prague, now I am the Treasurer there. I have been devoting so much time to family research which is a full-time job. The last two years, I have been researching my family, now I have begun to research Daniel’s side. It is much harder, because my father’s family name Brody, originally Brodawka, made it easier and my mother’s family name was Kriss, which is really very rare. My husband’s family name is Miller, so it will be rather challenging. As his family comes from a different part of the world, I am looking to start my research from scratch. I have been also active within the Jewish community. I love travelling with Daniel around the country and to enjoy the unique opportunity to see places that tourists would never get to.

After two years being here, what are your impressions about the Czech Republic and the Czech people?

I think it is a beautiful country and I am proud to be partly Moravian. We went to Písečné, a very small town, and I found the graves from 1830’s that belonged to my great grandmother’s grandparents. Unfortunately, the cemetery in Uherské Hradiště was destroyed, however I managed to meet my cousins living in Uherské Hradiště and Jeseníky. I miss my children and yet no matter, how much I enjoy this beautiful country, I really feel that my home is in Israel.

The Czech Republic, next to the United States, is the best ally of Israel. What is the potential of further strengthening of mutual co-operation that goes on not only on the governmental level but also to the level of individuals?

On the Czech side, I see language as a problem. Too many Czechs do not speak English. However, I am pleased to have met many Czechs that are exploring the opportunities of doing business with Israel. On the Israeli side, Israelis need more educating about the opportunities that the Czech Republic offers. The best way to do that is on one-on-one level,like you do with your women entrepreneurial missions. If there is a personal touch, everything is easier. Israelis should know how much Israel is loved and respected in the Czech Republic. Israelis know about the history, but they should be told more with regards to the current relations and opportunities. As for Czechs and the potential for cooperation, I think they need to understand that Israelis are like sabra, also known as prickly pears – prickly on the outside but soft on the inside.

By Linda Štucbartová

The legacy of Václav Havel and the Velvet Revolution remains relevant

Tomáš Petříček, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic

Tomáš Petříček is part of a new generation of politicians who place particular focus on issues of the environment and human rights. He has been Minister of Foreign Affairs since October 2018. He previously held the role of Deputy Minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and held the same role at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. He has been Deputy Chairman of the Czech Social Democratic Party since March 2019. His work experience encompasses both the Europe-wide level within the European Parliament, and the municipal level within the Prague City Administration. He studied at Charles University’s Faculty of Social Sciences, where his doctoral thesis was entitled “The Prospects of Energy Security for the European Union”. He completed degrees abroad at Brussels’ Centre Européen de Recherches Internationales et Stratégiques and at the University of Warwick.

What are Czech diplomacy’s challenges 30 years after the Velvet Revolution? In 1989 our society was far more united. We were sure that we wanted democracy and that we wanted to rejoin the West. Today, it is not just Czech society that is far more polarised and fragmented.

I am convinced that even 30 years after the Velvet Revolution, its legacy remains relevant, and the values we stood for remain a guide to our foreign policy. Czech diplomacy continues to advocate for these values, which include defending democracy, defending the rule of law and defending human rights. We do so both in bilateral relations and through membership of international organisations. At the same time, we can all see how the world around us is changing and becoming more complex. The 1990s were a lot simpler in many regards. Today, information is often available to us through the internet much more quickly than through the official channels, from embassies to Prague. It is much more difficult to get a handle on the large amount of information we receive. On the other hand, one of the jobs of the diplomatic service is to provide detailed information on events around the world, including possible risks. We are facing new challenges, hybrid threats and cyberattacks alongside challenges relating to global warming, and Czech diplomacy is going to have to pay greater attention to these challenges. Along with traditional diplomacy, an ever greater role is being played by tools such as development and humanitarian aid. Because society is divided, it is important that Czech diplomacy explain to the Czech public what its objectives are, what specific steps we are making, and generally strengthen the area known as public diplomacy. Today, foreign policies cannot be pursued without public support.

Recently, a new slogan was launched, presenting the Czech Republic as “The Country for the Future”.

I firmly believe that we are the country for the future. It is my conviction that the Czech Republic has a lot to offer in the field of innovation. We can be proud that we have so many talented scientists and cutting-edge research institutes. We are world leaders in emerging sectors – e.g. in nanotechnology, artificial intelligence and energy. The EU Beamlines Centre in Dolní Břežany is unique in the world. So our strategy of presenting the Czech Republic as an innovation leader is the right one. We need the clear vision that the strategy provides. On the other hand, I wouldn’t want us to see the Czech Republic merely through the lens of innovation, thus neglecting the importance of the artists, doctors and athletes who help us to enhance our reputation abroad. Recently, I awarded the Gratias Agit Award, given for the promotion of the good name of the Czech Republic abroad, to renowned plastic surgeon Bohdan Pomahač and others. Since I started here, I have endeavoured to engage important figures in Czech public life in helping to present the Czech Republic abroad in an informal way, thus demonstrating that the Czech Republic has a lot to offer. We reached out to rock climber Adam Ondra and YouTuber Karel Kovář, known as Kovy, who took part in the UN’s ECOSOC Youth Forum. Last but not least, we should not forget the wonderful Czech countryside. Quite rightly, tourist interest in the Czech Republic continues to grow each year.

My next question also relates to building the Czech Republic brand. In 2006, I was on a commission receiving new students at the Diplomatic Academy. We were very careful at that time that candidates spoke of the Czech Republic as a medium-sized country. Discourse has now shifted, and we hear from many politicians that we are a small country. So what size are we?

It is my conviction that we are a medium-sized country. We mustn’t underestimate ourselves. We are the same size as Portugal and Belgium, and we’re bigger than Norway and Sweden, countries considered diplomatic powers. Our stature is perceived in a wide range of fields, such as human rights, where Václav Havel’s legacy remains alive and we can even set the tone in the global debate. Since the fall of communism, we still haven’t overcome our tendency to put ourselves down. We have it within ourselves to make a mark on the world; we just need to want to do so and to do something about it. In foreign policy, my goal is for us to promote ourselves as a self-confident country, clear about what it wants and knowing how to get it. At the same time, we should remain realistic. Excessive expectations often lead to frustration. We are not China, but we can deal with China with self-confidence.

Your bold entry into politics has enhanced the difference in the new generation of politicians, who emphasise new fields, such as environmental and human rights. How are you doing in pursuing these fields?

We have things to build on. In human rights, on the legacy of Václav Havel, and in protecting the environment and climate change, on the legacy of our first Environment Minister, Josef Vavroušek, who was tragically killed in an avalanche in the Tatra Mountains. These fields span the generations, and climate protection also spans the political spectrum. Finding allies isn’t entirely difficult, but nor is it entirely easy. I’m glad we have a vibrant civic society that offers a helping hand to politicians.

What are the current trends in diplomacy? You’ve mentioned humanitarian diploma- cy, we still talk about strengthening trade diplomacy, and the Czech Republic also has three science diplomats in the United States of America, Israel and Taiwan.

I’ve already spoken about the importance of public diplomacy. Regarding new trends, a parallel with medicine comes to mind, in which we always know that we need to focus on preventing new problems. Within diplomacy, we focus on the issue of mediation. Even human rights, as previously mentioned, should be perceived as a part of prevention, in that non-observance of human rights can result in problems with far-reaching consequences. By taking a comprehensive approach, we aim to intercept problems at an early stage when they are easier to manage, and this is why we need to focus on the causes of problems, not just their manifestations. The migrant crisis has shown that the situation in regards to Africa has been long underrated. If we do not secure economic and social stability in the Sahel region, then we are going to feel the effects in the form of increasing migration flows to Europe. That’s why I am advocating that we take a more active approach in this region. A more comprehensive approach also includes more intensive co-operation with other departments. The Ministry of the Interior is involved in our projects, supporting our civilian mission within the EU, as is the Ministry of Defence through the presence of our soldiers in Mali, where we want to continue by strengthening our diplomatic presence. The tools of humanitarian and development co- operation aim to strengthen local involvement in solving problems. We advocated strongly in this field through the presidency of ECOSOC (the United Nations Economic and Social Council), and it is also one of the so-called Sustainable Development Goals. In terms of European policy, we need to realise that this is no longer purely a matter of diplomacy. The links between different countries within the European Union, and the linking of different fields within European institutions, has led to a situation where diplomats co-operate directly with people in other departments, with European policy becoming a lot more similar to domestic policy than to international policy. For a long time now, European policy has not been a matter of foreign policy, but rather a part of domestic policy, involving the whole of public administration, including regional authorities, as well as wider civil society through consultations, and finally business. Today there is no major sector that does not have a home and representation in Brussels and that does not deal directly with European institutions. Thus, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs remains responsible for foreign relations and co-operation within development policy.

You are father to two small children, and your wife is very active in supporting women. How do you manage to reconcile your work and family life? Is workaholism part of politics?

Reconciling work and family life requires a certain amount of discipline, and I must admit that I don’t always manage it. Politics, especially foreign policy, requires being on the alert 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Global problems don’t usually take weekends off; world events don’t ask whether you’re planning a trip to the zoo. I’ve got used to it, and I went into politics knowing this was the case. This is in contrast to my wife, who would like to go to the Krkonoše Mountains, including places where there is no mobile phone signal. I always try to reserve a part of the weekend to be with my family. Like most Czechs, I enjoy going to our cottage, where I cut the grass, paint the fence and relax. Either I clear my mind of thoughts, or in contrast I think about things that I don’t have time for in my hectic daily life.

What is your final message for Czech and Slovak Leaders readers? I suppose this will relate to the summer and travelling …

I’ll begin by wishing readers a wonderful summer and relaxing holiday. Ideally without having to seek out our consular employees. Read our Travel Rules, which also involve registration in the DROZD travellers’ database, a project involving voluntary registration of Czech citizens travelling abroad, allowing for the effective organisation of help for Czech citizens in the event of natural disasters or social unrest. In the event of an unexpected situation, we are available to Czech citizens. In summer, we boost the presence of consular employees in tourist destinations such as Spain, Croatia and Bulgaria. Unfortunately, holidays can also reveal a dark side. I would call on citizens to act responsibly and not overestimate their abilities. Czechs have a reputation in the world for being frivolous adventurers. We underestimate risks and overestimate our abilities. Even on holiday, we need to follow basic rules and act on common sense. Czechs have a bit of a reputation of being too easygoing adventurers. Do not go walking in the Tatra Mountains in flip-flops, and when at sea it is a good idea to take shelter from the midday sun… So once again, I wish you a great holiday!

By Linda Štucbartová

Tento rozhovor je k dispozici v českém jazyce! Klikněte zde.

Beware of doing good!

Jaroslav Kubera, President of the Senate

!!! This interview is also available in Czech! Just click here. !!!

President of the Senate of the Czech Republic, Jaroslav Kubera, one of the most distinctive figures in Czech politics, is best introduced in figures. He has been a constant feature of the upper echelons of politics since 1994. He has won his municipal elections seven times, and won senate elections four times. He is known for his controversial proposals, many of which not even his closest party colleagues know whether he means them seriously or in jest. What he enjoys about politics is the debate. He stays true to himself, and while he enjoys debating with voters, he sees no reason to change or adapt his opinions. Jaroslav Kubera is a champion of freedom (including for smokers), a critic of excessive regulation and the European Union – especially grant programmes (although he does not support Czexit), and is a thorn in the side of many feminists, although he does not take the issue of domestic violence lightly. Our discussion was not about the topics listed above, things we do not agree on due to the different social “bubbles” we inhabit, but rather focused on wider social issues in which we might instead find a certain level of consensus. It was nice to see that two people could hold a civilised discussion without having to agree on everything. This is the freedom of speech we demonstrated for 30 years ago. We should remember the words of Karl Popper, author of the opus The Open Society and Its Enemies, who wrote that a nation through democratic debate could come to the conclusion that there is no ultimate truth. Society can advance through the process of intellectual investigation, submitting ideas to criticism and abandoning them where opposing evidence is found.

Mr. President, you’ve spent a quarter of a century in top politics. Is this a cause for celebration, or for taking stock?

Well, politics is the second love of my life, right after my wife. We’ve been married a long time, and I’ve been engaged in politics since 1962. Few today can remember the era one might characterise by the slogan “We shall have meat, comrades”, Antonín Novotný at Letná park, or listening to Radio Free Europe and Voice of America. History and events have subsequently gained momentum. 1968 is of much greater importance for me than it is for someone who didn’t experience it. Since that second liberation, I’ve simply had an issue with Russians. On the other hand, I’m not an advocate of hysterical campaigns or the latest fashionable issues, such as global warming or the fascination with electric cars. People often say today that things were better under the previous regime. In terms of my personal life, that’s certainly true. In summer, I used to work from 6 in the morning until 2.30 pm, mostly we ended at two, and we went off to surf. In winter, we went skiing instead of surfing. Today, I only have memories of having time for hobbies; this winter I only went skiing once when attending an off-site meeting. The era was quieter, and probably simpler. One of the roles I have that I really enjoy is receiving ambassadors. In meeting them, I realise not just how complex the world is, but also how accelerated it is. And on top of all that, there is the impact of technology, which prevents us from recognising what is true and what is not.

Still looking back, did you celebrate the 15th anniversary of joining the EU?

I’m a critic of the European Union and how it works. There is a parallel with an unhappy marriage in which both partners remain in the relationship, dissatisfied, because the benefits outweigh the losses. The grants we receive, even if they are used just for building lookout towers in valleys, are a big draw. On the other hand, it is nonsensical to talk about Czexit: I disagree with Václav Klaus Junior on this, in contrast to climate change. I feel it is dangerous to fall prey to fashionable trends, whether they are about global warming, or the latest issue of electric cars. Europe is in danger of destroying its traditional car industry, and what happens next when it proves to be a blind alley? Can you imagine the Jižní Město estate with the same number of electric cars as there are standard cars today? We’re lacking critical thinking. I myself apply this rule: “Consider it once, consider it twice, consider it three times.” You’ll then often come to the conclusion that your first idea was totally stupid. It’s the same with legislating. It seems to me that laws are passed blindly, and only afterwards amended. In early May, the government declared that children should not have to pay the debts of their parents. This should surely be the standard situation, and our case when we let children grow up and then send the bailiffs in must be an anomaly. But what is being focused on? The Register of Contracts and opening hours during public holidays. Things for which I believe regulation is unnecessary.

Let’s turn from everyday worries and tribulations to celebrations. This year, we’re celebrating 30 years since the Velvet Revolution. When you look back at that time when we stood in squares and jingled our keys and compare it to the situation today, how do you see it?

I don’t think there was any other way. I’ll give you another comparison: kids are playing in a house where there is a big aquarium. One of the kids smashes into the aquarium, it breaks, the water pours out and the fish are flapping about on the floor gasping the air. Our task is to put the aquarium back together as quickly as possible, and if possible put the fish back in it alive. We did all that without knowing what glue we needed to use for glass. That’s our story. Experts from the USA told us then that the transformation from socialism into capitalism would take a few years, but the transformation in people’s thinking on the change of regime was a matter of 50 years. They were right. Still today, we cannot stomach the changes to some extent, because they caught each of us in a different situation. The best examples come from life. Take two classmates. Before 1989, these two classmates, one who did well at school and the other badly, worked in one factory. The academic classmate stayed in the factory, while the one who failed set up his own company and became a billionaire. The straight-A student cannot understand how his previously unsuccessful friend has got so far. And please note these are not cases where there is anything sinister behind the success. I know cases of smart craftsmen who have worked their way up step by step. We all know the cases promoted by the media and the cases of failure. But do we pay the same attention to those successful companies who are renowned around the world? So the bottom line is that there is no reason not to celebrate. Our transformation was a clear success. I’m afraid it will turn out as it always does, with demonstrations held and abuses pointed out, while celebrations are very much downplayed.

Is negativism one of the Czech traits?

I don’t think negativism itself is a typical trait of Czechs alone, in contrast to envy. I’m afraid that if you set up a global ranking of nations according to envy, then Czechs would be at the top, as they are in alcohol consumption. So let’s look at the role of envy in a wider historical context. Self-sufficiency is also reflected here to some extent. That’s why so much was stolen and is stolen in the Czech Republic, including the historical aircraft that flew here in May 1945 to the airport in Kbely, when we Czechs immediately took them apart, because we Czechs could and can make use of anything. We don’t tend to hire gardeners; we prefer to dig our soil ourselves, even when we find it tiresome or we’re not good at it. Abroad, better-off families have a housekeeper to look after the household. That’s not customary here, having a stranger in our home. Moving is another parallel. American experts have recommended that Czechs should learn to move for work. But for someone with a house, with a garden, with rabbits in it, and cats and their granny in the house helping with the kids, the idea of moving 100 km for work is inconceivable. Who would want to move into a flat that had previous tenants and use strangers’ furniture? I’m sure most people even bring their own balls to bowling… (laughs)

Do you miss municipal politics?

I still head the financial committee in Teplice, and it scares me how much we spend. It’s common in the Czech Republic that we all want to own our own home. People take out bigger mortgages than they can afford, and in 20 years city mayors are going to have serious problems with people who have become homeless because they lost their house due to an inability to repay their mortgage as a consequence of illness or job loss. Anyone who takes out a loan can lose huge amounts. There’s a parallel with grants here. We look at grants differently to our own money. I think cashless payment is another phenomenon that is going to have unintended consequences. Banks don’t have money anymore; they have spreadsheets. But I was glad to leave behind the GDPR personal data agenda for good. On the other hand, we are witness to the theft of personal data on an unprecedented scale through various apps in our mobiles. And where is the state protecting us? Sure, you always have the option of not downloading the app, but then you can’t use the sat-nav or your camera. More regulation won’t help here. Quite the contrary. Restrict who can access what information. It scares me that they’re planning a law that the police of the Czech Republic will be able to look at our bank accounts without consent from the Czech National Bank. It’s the principle of it. What’s it to anyone that I bought a lawnmower? Why should the state take an interest? And it’s all justified by doing good, and those involved justify it by saying they are doing good for others, even though they’re not asking for it. But when alimonies aren’t paid, the state doesn’t know what to do. I propose confiscating passports from those who aren’t paying so they can’t go on holiday outside the EU. They go to Egypt, but don’t pay for their kids. And they know the ombudsman would oppose it.

You’re known for your sense of humour. I’m surprised you haven’t lost it after all those years in politics.

Leaders should have a sense of humour. Remember Jan Masaryk. I think without humour I would go mad. I’m often criticised for my humour. When I became President of the Senate, I was advised to take things more seriously. But people write to tell me not to change, and I’m staying myself. I think authenticity is absolutely fundamental for a leader. I stay myself and I speak to people entirely openly and naturally. And my voters appreciate that. I certainly couldn’t be a funeral speaker.

And your message for Czech and Slovak Leaders readers?

I think we should all answer the question of whether it was better under the last regime honestly. Take a look at your receipt at the supermarket, as long as it isn’t closed for a public holiday of course. Make a coffee and admit that it wasn’t better. And let’s celebrate our freedom. There are problems, but let’s not spoil the anniversary. We can demonstrate on 16 November, or 18 November, but 17 November? Let’s have a proper celebration. Would anyone ever think of demonstrating on their own birthday?

By Linda Štucbartová

This interview is also available in Czech! Just click here.

Nothing replaces a doctor’s EXPERIENCE and INTUITION

Professor Marek Babjuk, Head of the Department of Urology at Motol University Hospital

Professor Marek Babjuk is the Head of the Department of Urology at Motol University Hospital, Chairman of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně’s Czech Urological Society, and senior doctor at the Uroklinikum clinic. He specialises in treating cancers. He has undertaken numerous placements abroad at prestigious workplaces in Germany and the USA. Our interview covered the topics of bladder cancer, smoking, prevention, modern surgery, and also gender reassignment.

Professor, you are Head of the Department of Urology of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital. Motol University Hospital is the largest hospital in the Czech Republic, and its motto is “Serving Generations”. How are the size of your workplace and its ambitious mission reflected in your everyday practice?

Our hospital is the largest in the Czech Republic, and it is also a university hospital. In practice, this means that as well as providing care to our patients, we are involved in teaching students of medicine and teaching doctors undertaking specialist training (i.e. prior to certification), and we are also expected to undertake research. Sometimes it is very difficult to bring it all together and meet all expectations.
One huge advantage is that our hospital is one of the most modern and best equipped in the country. Our clinic has modern rebuilt operating theatres equipped with cutting edge technologies, including equipment for robotic surgery. Our equipment is comparable to that in leading clinics abroad, and we endeavour to ensure our outcomes are reflective of this. It would seem, at least according to the statistics, that we are succeeding. This naturally means we have a great responsibility, with a large number of patients coming to us, and with the current method of payment and our personnel situation, especially in terms of paramedical staff, it can sometimes be difficult to please everyone. But we do our utmost.

You specialise in bladder cancers. How are Czechs doing in the statistics?

Malignant tumours of the bladder are very frequent, the sixth most common cancer amongst Czech men, and just below tenth most common amongst women. Over the past 30 years, the incidence of the disease has doubled. In 1990, 1300 new cases were discovered, while in 2015 the figure was 2158 cases. It would appear, however, that in the last few years this upward trend has stopped. Another positive fact is that despite the high incidence, deaths are stagnating, something which is also a reflection of the high quality of care provided in our country.

Smoking is said to be the main cause of bladder cancers. Are Czech patients aware of this and disciplined? Are there any new statistics available in light of the growing popularity of e-cigarettes?

Smokers are a high-risk group. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of bladder cancer by up to six times, and there is also a higher risk of more aggressive forms of the disease. And we mustn’t forget that breathing in tobacco smoke when you live with a smoker at home or at work for many years is also dangerous. Bladder cancers are the second most common cancer connected to smoking after lung cancers. It is a pity that the public are not often informed about bladder cancer or its connection to smoking. An educational campaign would be of great use for all of us – even for a smoker who quits, the risk of getting the disease falls after 1-4 years by up to 40%. E-cigarettes likely reduce only some of the risks connected to smoking. As I have said, the upward trend of incidences has stopped in recent years, and this may be due to the falling number of smokers, or other factors may also be involved, including a healthier environment.

The lay public is to some extent aware of the issue of stomas due to their use by some well-known personalities. What are the options for replacing the bladder?

There are currently a number of ways of dealing with urine expulsion after bladder removal, such as following cancer. Besides fitting a stoma, a new bladder can be created from part of your small bowel, which we connect to the urethra. One should be aware, however, that although it might appear that the patient can pee as before, they actually have to learn how to “handle” the new bladder – notice how full it is, practice draining it, etc., and this can take a number of weeks or months and is actually quite difficult. This method isn’t applicable to all patients, of course, and can be limited by the size of the tumour, or the function of the kidneys or overall condition of the patient and their willingness to co-operate.

The use of non-invasive and endoscopic treatments is ever more common in medicine. It may be rather bold of me to ask how much longer people are going to be doing surgery, and when will robots begin operating on us?

I’m not sure whether a robot can entirely replace a doctor. Even surgical robots, much- discussed today, are not really robots in the true sense, but rather a kind of remote manipulator. Movements of the doctor’s hands are relayed to a fine instrument placed inside the patient’s body through a number of small incisions. The result is less invasive and also more precise, and furthermore some negative “human factors” such as hand tremors are also eliminated. In addition, the digital image transmitted to the surgeon by the camera introduced into the patient’s body allows for perfect image sharpness, and various modifications can be applied to improve the visibility of certain structures or tumour lesions. I think things will develop further in this direction, with some sub-steps likely to be automated, but the role of the doctor using his intuition and experience cannot be entirely replaced.
However, doctors’ preparation for doing surgery will change. Experience will be acquired from simulators including digital simulators able to faithfully simulate specific surgeries, including particular situations which may occur during such surgeries. Thus doctors won’t learn directly on patients, just as pilots don’t learn to fly in a real plane with passengers.

In the context of the generational renewal of doctors, a trend has been noted that female graduates of medicine now predominate over men. While gynaecology has been a common specialisation for male doctors, it seems to me that urology has long been perceived as a male field. Do you perceive this generational gender problem?

It is true that there have been more women in urology recently, and they are even the majority of younger juniors. One reason for this is that urology is not a purely surgical field (diagnostics and outpatient care also play a certain role), and urological operations are precise and delicate, not normally requiring brute force. I don’t think women joining the field is negative – they bring new perspectives and approaches. Naturally, women have a different life cycle to men, but this need not mean any limitation to their professional career. Employers and the state should adapt and create the right conditions for nurturing the professional careers of all who wish to advance – I think this will be more beneficial to society than any one-off financial contributions.

The series Most!, in which the main character has undergone a sex change from a man into a woman enjoyed great popularity amongst viewers. Real life is often different from television… What eludes the general population in regard to gender reassignment surgery?

Most! portrayed everything in a rather humorous and exaggerated light, which I think is good – we really needn’t take life seriously in all of its aspects. For transsexuals, of course, we often see positive life stories and very good cosmetic outcomes following a sex change. However, the public does not see a number of hidden problems – the necessity of long-term hormonal treatment, the difficulty and risk of the surgery, and the complexity of a problem which doesn’t relate merely to outward appearance, but also to personality and how others perceive it.

A final word for Czech and Slovak Leaders readers?

You shouldn’t underestimate symptoms suggesting something isn’t right with your body. For urological diseases, these mainly involve blood in urine, or difficulties emptying the bladder. Visiting a urologist today doesn’t involve painful examinations, so it is not something you need be fearful of.

By Linda Štucbartová

This interview is also available in Czech. Just click here.

“It is UNACCEPTABLE for children to live in POVERTY”

Jana Maláčová, Minister of Social Affairs

At the end of May 2019 you’re celebrating your tenth month in government. How do you assess your performance? What has been a positive surprise, and what has been a negative surprise?

ČSSD (the Czech Social Democratic Party) is doing well in government, and I am pleased to be able to play my part in this. There have been a number of successes. These include increasing the minimum wage by 1150 CZK and abolishing the three day “waiting period” for receiving sick pay. This is important to me personally, because the Social Democrats have always been the party of labour. If you work hard, then we’ve got to be able to protect you and secure you decent working conditions.
Then there’s the highest pensions increase in history. And again, if you’ve worked hard your whole life, then you deserve a dignified old age and not one mired in poverty. But our pensions system isn’t perfect, which is why I’m glad that as well as increasing pensions we have also managed to set up the Fair Pensions Commission, which is going to focus on eliminating the greatest injustices. We want to rectify women’s lower pensions and secure earlier retirement for what we term difficult professions. But we’ve still got to find new sources of revenue for our pensions system.
I also think another great success is the increase to the care allowance for Grade III and Grade IV dependency, as I consider it absolutely fundamental that these disabled people, who are in most cases reliant on the assistance of others, receive financial support from the state.
But my list wouldn’t end there. If I could summarise, I’m glad that ČSSD has been able to push the government towards more socially sensitive policies. If ODS (the Civic Democratic Party) or SPD (the Freedom and Direct Democracy Party) were in government in our place, things would look entirely different. Negative surprises can come at any time, but we then discuss it in government and we manage to come to a solution together.

Despite the good economy, you’re the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in a country in which a tenth of the population are subject to debt collection procedures; we have 115 000 parents refusing to pay child maintenance, and we have two vulnerable social groups – families with small children and pensioners – who are highly likely to fall into a poverty trap. Families and old-age are your priorities. What are the opportunities for systematic change?

First of all, I’d like to say that when our country is doing well and we have no major crisis to deal with, it is unacceptable for children to live in poverty in the Czech Republic.
There are a number of steps that can be taken to ease the situation. We are working on a pro- family package that will include increasing child benefits, implementing back-up maintenance payments and promoting job sharing, such as for mothers on parental leave, as well as securing funding for kid’s clubs and micro-crèches. In regards to senior citizens, I’ve already spoken about the increases to pensions.
You’ve mentioned debt collection. According to the latest available statistics, 863 thousand people are subject to debt collection procedures. This is a truly horrifying figure. If these numbers were added to the figures indicating those under threat of poverty, the results would truly shock us. However, this problem is only partially my responsibility. Other ministries have to do their share of the work. In the meantime, I have unveiled an increase to the Living and Subsistence Minimum. People subject to debt collection procedures should get at least a little more. Work has simply got to pay under all circumstances. In this regard, I have therefore used a government decree amendment to apply a number of key principles, which should help to improve their living situation while also providing them with the opportunity to get out of their debt trap.
In addition, in the area of fighting poverty, we are coming down hard on all the fraudsters and those who profit from poverty, who are a menace in so-called areas of social exclusion.

You are the Deputy Chair of the Orange Club, which advocates fair representation of women in public life. We should note that according to the World Economic Forum, the Czech Republic is 88th in the world in terms of equal gender opportunities due to the low level of political and economic involvement, despite our high position in regard to equal access to health care and education. It seems from the outside that few are bothered by this low ranking, just as few are bothered by the 22 % pay gap. Justin Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister, has declared: “Diversity is Canada’s strength.” What can be done to ensure this statement could apply to the Czech Republic too?

The fight for women’s rights is an important topic to me. Thanks to the 22 % K Rovnosti (22 % to Equality) project study, we know that women receive an 11 % lower salary than men for the same position with the same employer; this is equivalent to men receiving a 13th salary and their female colleagues getting nothing. Across the economy, the gap is the 22 % you have mentioned. A key reason, of course, is looking after the family and children. Unequal remuneration for women and men is a fundamental topic that I want to open up at our tripartite meetings. I think this is an injustice that causes harm not just to the people in our country, but also to our economy. Again, our pro-family package applies here, as it includes funding for kid’s groups, micro-crèches and job sharing. These two measures should ensure that women should not need to face so many problems in balancing their career and working life due to looking after their children, something that can also have a negative impact on how much they take home. And, of course, we’ve got institutions such as the Labour Inspection Office and others, which need to ensure that no direct discrimination of women takes place in the workplace.

Single mothers are the most vulnerable group in the labour market; they are subject to discrimination in the workplace and, alongside pensioners, face the highest risk of falling into a poverty trap. Some companies prefer to go through the bureaucratic rigmarole of employing Filipinos or Indians rather than allowing shared work or job sharing. You are planning to submit your “family support package”, why was it hard to find support for this?

Job sharing won’t mean any further administrative burden for employers. In contrast, we have endeavoured to create our proposal such that the entire process is as simple as possible. It won’t be any more complicated than any time you want to recruit any new employee.
Thanks to job sharing, employers will be able to cover some of their needs for qualified employees, of which there are insufficient numbers today. One job could be shared, for example, by a mother on parental leave and a pensioner who would like to continue working and maintaining relations with colleagues, but is no longer able to commit full-time, or would like to spend more time with grandchildren. Budgetary reasons are often given as arguments against our pro-family package. But we should instead focus on the fact that investment in support for families will be returned to us many times over, whether in terms of a higher birth rate, or greater family financial stability. And we have a lot to invest in; we lack basic infrastructure, especially quality services in care for children under 3 years of age, support for part-time employment, etc.

Let’s stay with female solidarity. Have you encountered it? Does it operate in government? Does it work in top-level politics? Ministers Nováková and Schillerová are not well-known supporters of women or women’s topics.

It’s not for me to say. We all have a different agenda in each of our departments, and we communicate professionally together without major problems. However, when any disputes do break out, it is never at a personal level and we purely focus on discussion of our programme.
I personally have encountered the support for women that I am endeavouring to achieve in my previous roles, as well as within the Social Democrats, where this approach to women works excellently.

I’m not going to ask you how you manage with looking after your family and your career, because the question seems inappropriate since few people ask this question of men in top positions. So I’ll ask you how you work with energy, how you recharge, and how you manage to separate or bring together your work and family.

Thank you for formulating the question that way. But you’re right; it isn’t always easy. It sometimes happens that I spend the evening with my husband looking at our diaries and finding a way to reconcile everything together. But it helps that we have clearly set out what each of us does, and what the grandparents, who also help us, do. But it’s the same for most people; I look forward to relaxing with my husband, to being with my son Gustík and just enjoying our time together. Besides spending time with my family, I also find relaxation in sport and sleeping well. My favourite thing of all is to “switch off” over a good book or film.

By Linda Štucbartová

“In the near future, the Czech Republic may become one of the leaders in innovation”

Petr Očko, Ministry of Industry and Trade Deputy Minister for Digitisation and Innovation

Petr Očko doesn’t just believe that the Czech Republic could become an innovation leader, but he has been actively striving to achieve this. Over his career, he has managed to build up a successful technology start-up, has worked for a number of ministries and also has experience within large corporations. As for state institutions, he has led the CzechInvest agency, was Chairman of the Technology Agency, and since July 2018 has been Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade responsible for the new Digitisation and Innovation Department. Few understand the issue of applied research or co- operation between business and science as well as he does. We are glad he has granted Czech and Slovak Leaders readers an exclusive interview on the entirely new Czech Republic Innovation Strategy 2019-2030.

In early February, the government launched the Czech Republic Innovation Strategy 2019-2030. The Czech Republic, previously promoted as the Land of Stories, is to become the “Land for the Future”. You yourself were involved in the creation of this strategy. What fundamental changes does this strategy bring along?

I’m very pleased this strategy has been developed, because I am absolutely convinced that we are a country of great potential, and it is primarily up to us whether we exploit this fact or not. We are building on a long tradition of research, education and industry. And currently we also have large investments here in research centres, a lot of excellent research results, companies that are growing strongly and asserting themselves in foreign markets; we have much to offer the world. Yet few in the world link the Czech Republic and innovation together. Finland, today considered an innovation leader, was not in an easy situation 30 years ago, and had much less of a tradition of advanced industry and research. A large proportion of Finland’s success is due to its commitment to change and a shared vision of the future. We lack both of these, and that’s why this strategy is important, because it emphasises the vision of the Czech Republic as an innovation leader.
Of course, I’m not saying everything is perfect here – our business sector is highly dependent on foreign owners, many of whom undertake their science and research activities outside Czech territory. The sector comprising innovative small and medium-sized Czech companies is growing, but only some of these companies have penetrated the higher levels of global value chains. And co-operation between the academic and business spheres, or knowledge and technology transfer, has improved significantly, but is still below the optimum level.
This strategy addresses this area, and measures are proposed to deal with it, many of which are already being undertaken – such as making tax deductions for science and research more effective, and a key amendment to the act on investment subsidies, which will now be focused on investments with added value, and on bringing research organisations and companies together.

You held the position of Chairman of the Technology Agency (TACR) for over two years. During your chairmanship, TACR significantly expanded the number of declared tenders and launched new programmes supporting applied research. Do you regret that some people still describe the Czech Republic as an assembly plant?

The projects supported by the Technology Agency have helped me to get a much better picture of what applied research is being done in the Czech Republic, and that it is often truly world-class. There are quite a number of less well-known companies in the Czech Republic that are leaders in certain global markets – such as in medical devices, electron microscopy and in the increasingly important field of cyber- security, as well as in other areas.
Through the INKA project – mapping innovation capacities – implemented by TACR, we have thoroughly mapped the Czech innovations environment. Thus we know that there are a large number of companies in the Czech Republic of various sizes that have great innovation potential. On the other hand, there are a large number of companies here that are dependent on foreign owners and buyers whose innovative activities are limited to partial technological improvements. But according to the INKA investigation, even the subsidiaries of foreign companies are steadily improving their position within the range of the parent company’s activities. Many of these have significant science and research capacities. Some have become the leading science and research centre for their entire group in their product or technology field. It is thus our objective to support companies that have the potential of developing their innovation activities here in the Czech Republic, and support them to move higher up the global value chains. The INKA project investigation also showed that the management of many Czech companies have limited or conservative aspirations in terms of growth in company size within a 5- to 10-year horizon. In co-operating with TACR and “our” agencies, CzechInvest and CzechTrade, we are also helping companies to develop their innovative activities and succeed on the global markets.

You’ve gained professional experience both in your start-up and in the civil service, and you’ve worked for large corporations and in cutting-edge science. In the Czech Republic, these sectors are less connected than elsewhere, with almost insurmountable chasms in between. What can be done so that people in the different sectors understand each other more and begin to co-operate?

There are many positive exceptions, but it is true that I’m sometimes surprised by how much energy is sometimes spent deepening those chasms between different sectors. Personally, over practically the whole of my professional career, I have tried to expend my energy on building bridges rather than deepening chasms. I considered this one of my primary missions at the Technology Agency, and also here at the Ministry of Industry and Trade. I see the TACR’s role in helping to bring together the civil service, the academic sphere and the business sector in the field of research. I think one of our successes was when we managed to link applied research support to support from CzechInvest, which is now focusing on providing support for developing investments with added value, concentrating more than before on small and medium-sized companies and start-ups. And also the support of CzechTrade, who have helped ensure that the resulting products with added value can succeed in foreign markets. We have also created the platform called Tým Česko in co-operation with the state financial institutions EGAP, ČEB and ČMZRB, which companies can now use to acquire more effective and connected support for their activities, from research, innovations and investment development to success in global markets. Every CzechInvest branch, for example, will help with all this.

What prejudices or misunderstandings have you most commonly encountered that you can now disprove? Conversely, what do people in different sectors not know about each other that they should?

Personally, I believe that the situation is getting a lot better, and communication and co- operation between academia and companies is now much better than it was a few years ago. However, there is sometimes still diffidence in co-operation for various reasons. It is true that both sides need to understand each other’s peculiarities. Research organisations usually have a number of research strategies, and one cannot expect them to investigate a specific application for a particular firm within a month or two, as sometimes is expected of them. On the other hand, it sometimes happens that even a quality project of a research organisation, with an exciting outcome, ends up gathering dust only because they were unable to establish co-operation with relevant companies. Co- operation is most beneficial when both parties have been working together for many years. They trust each other and know what the other party’s expectations and needs are. Technology transfer centres at universities or regional innovation centres can assist in establishing new co-operation links.
Personally, I draw great inspiration from the Israeli model, which goes even further in this regard, with the vast majority of universities having their own commercialisation institutions there. These de facto subsidiary companies take care of intellectual property management, finding investors and commercialisation support, and are also engaged in setting up innovative spinoff companies in which, for example, they may hold shares. These usually operate more flexibly than the universities themselves, leading to more flexible work with investors. And this isn’t found only within technical universities, but also in social science fields. And basic research as well – an example here is the highly respected Weizmann Institute of Science and its subsidiary commercialisation institution, Yeda R&D, Co. Ltd. There are also scientific institutes in the Czech Republic that are taking the same path. One example is the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS and its company IOCBTech, and now also the i&i biotechnology hub. And last year, Charles University was the first university to choose to set up a wholly owned subsidiary entitled Charles University Innovations Prague (CUIP), whose mission is to be a bridge between scientific teams and commercial entities. I think this is the right way to go, and a direction we will be happy to support further.

Your portfolio also includes Industry 4.0, something we can find inspiration for in Germany. How are things progressing in fields like vocational education, digitisation (not just of the civil service) and focusing on creating posts with higher added value? Israel is currently looking at this area. Have we already got any examples of best practice?

We are the most industrial country in the EU, which is why it is good that we have managed to adopt the trend of digital transformation of industry in time, and our national Industry 4.0 initiative has been operating for a number of years now. This isn’t just on paper either – some specific activities that have been implemented include, for example, support for applied research in the Industry 4.0 field at TACR, and the Technology 4.0 programme focused on small and medium-sized businesses at the MIT. The MIT has now set up a new programme supporting applied research called TRENDS, in which Industry 4.0 is one of its main priorities, but it will also be focused on other new key trends, including for example artificial intelligence. And a new feature will be a greater focus on small companies that want to co-operate with research organisations for the first time.
We have certainly implemented good practice in beginning to deal not just with the impacts of the digital transformation on industry, but also more generally on the economy, labour market, education system, legislation, etc., fairly early. First of all, the Society 4.0 initiative was set up, and last year we produced the truly comprehensive document, “Digital Czechia”, with the government delegate for digitisation. This includes 800 projects (many of which are already up and running) in the fields of civil service digitisation, economics, society, research support, cyber-security and many others. Areas relating to digitisation of the economy and society are co-ordinated by the MIT, naturally with broad co-operation from many partners in the business, academic and government sectors. Our new national strategy for artificial intelligence will soon be building on this concept, and this will include a comprehensive set of measures directing support so that the Czech Republic can play an important role in the new phase of the digital transformation of the economy and society, which will be heavily influenced by the arrival of artificial intelligence in many different fields.

In regard to innovation, there are essentially three proven models: the American, Scandinavian and Israeli models. Close relations with Israel and the appointment of the leading Israeli scientist Orna Berry to the government’s Council for Science, Research and Innovation advisory body, make it clear which country the Czech Republic is primarily seeking inspiration from. Following the successful mission last year by President Zeman and many other cabinet members including Minister Nováková to Israel, what is being planned within the framework of closer Czech-Israeli co-operation?

Although not everything is automatically transferable, Israel is certainly an inspiration for us in many regards. Israel’s innovation ecosystem is truly unique. The start-up economic miracle which began in the 1990s and continues to this day is still of great note. This is why a number of measures in the CR 2030 Innovation Strategy within the start-up support field in particular are inspired by Israel. This includes a system of support for business incubators connected to a unique state-supported investment model, which is a great inspiration to us. In discussions with colleagues from Israel, we almost always agree that the greatest difference between the Czech and Israeli environment is in our mindsets. While for Israelis going into new ventures, dynamism, self-presentation, vigour and a willingness to continue even after failure is common, in the Czech Republic we tend to prefer more settled occupations, with setting up one’s own company not a common career strategy. We only undertake moderate risks, and initial failure is often considered a stigma by others. Examples of good practice from other countries can certainly help to change this situation, and that’s why we want, for example, to continue co-operating on technology missions to Israel and organising Czech-Israeli innovation events here in the Czech Republic, as well as many more activities.

Talking of innovations and change, how are you personally getting on in a world where change is the only constant?

The dynamic of change really is high, but I must say that for me personally, it is quite an exciting time. I’ve always been a fan and advocate of new technologies, so I’m glad to be so close to these developments now. On the other hand, I feel great responsibility for ensuring we are well-prepared for the changes that are coming and that will undoubtedly have an impact not just on our economy, but also on the whole of society. My motto is: Those with small goals remain small. Let’s be self-reflective, but let’s also be ambitious and not give up after our first failure!

By Linda Štucbartová

“We Should Not Fear China”

Oliver Steindler, China Specialist At ŠKODA AUTO

Oliver Steindler spent last nine years studying, living and working in Asia. He returned to the Czech Republic in September 2017 to start working as China Region Marketing and Product Launch Specialist for ŠKODA AUTO. His Asian journey originally started by two-year high school stay in Thailand. Oliver further pursued his studies in China, where he obtained a BA in International Business Studies from Beijing Foreign Studies University in Beijing and MA in International Relations from Peking University, ranked as the second best university in China and top 30 in the world. Oliver also spent six months at the prestigious Waseda University in Tokyo, accompanied by internship at the Czech Center in Tokyo. After his studies, he worked for China Television Service as Head of Distribution, providing content to Television networks reaching over 60 million viewers not only across Asia, but also in the rest of the world.
When Oliver is not busy reading and writing about Asia, he loves to spend time traveling, lecturing about Asia and practicing Mandarin Chinese.

You have returned to the Czech Republic after nine years spent in Asia. I know that many expats and diplomats are prepared prior to their posting but no one prepares them for their re-integration when coming back, which might be challenging as well.

I must admit that I had a fear coming back. During last nine years, I have established many friendships, business relationships and also lifestyle in Asia region. I got used to seeing my friends and family only during vacations. The major culture shock for me came in the form of Czechs’ people mindset with regards to China. They all fear China, being scared that Chinese dragon will eventually swallow Europe. China is perceived as an evil, communist country and such notion is passed from one generation to another. However, time has changed and so the nature of the regime. The regime is officially called “Socialism with Chinese characteristics” which in reality reminds of “tough capitalism”. Big multinational corporations, such as Alibaba, Tencent or Baidu are not only considered industry leaders, but they also provide jobs to tens of thousands of people. China also has the largest network of fast railways. Imagine, just in only five hours, you can get from Beijing to Shanghai, the total distance of 1 300 kilometers, travelling more than 300 kilometers per hour. China is becoming a global technology leader in many areas. When someone mentions that we should learn from China in the Czech Republic, no one takes it seriously, there is a lot of prejudice and even panic. Well, looking at the Czech transport infrastructure, particularly highway D1 or Pendolino, China could be a great inspiration. Digitalization within banking systems represent another area that can serve as a model. In big cities, hardly anyone uses banknotes. All payments are done via app and QR codes. Not only at big stores, but also at small laundry services or vegetable stalls on the streets. I travel to China every three months and each time I am amazed at the progress made as these technologies make life simpler. I am aware of the personal data protection and GDPR rules within the EU, as the debate whether to stress more security vs. allow more comfort for the exchange of data, will continue. I also find fascinating that both Chinese and foreigners are willing to discuss the development and share the information. The environment is truly inspiring, the labor market pressure is enormous, which drives people being more active, continue to improve and innovate. Compared to Asia, I perceive Europe as the “ageing” continent. Not only demographically, but also mentally wise. Why not to bring and apply the models proven elsewhere? We tend to be more satisfied with status quo or we tend to judge and concentrate on negatives, instead of trying things differently. I miss the open mindset which for me represents the key to innovation.

You suggest that people go and visit China and the region to see for themselves. You claim that China is the world that we can’t perceive through the glasses we put on and interpret it through the experiences we get. China needs time to be understood.

I also remember having fear leaving the Czech Republic, prior to arriving in Thailand. After six months, I developed love and hate relationship, as I met some people who were friendly as well as those who were not. The same relationship can apply to China. To me, China offered home for seven years, it offered education and friends. At the same time, I am aware of the negative aspects, particularly pollution and fast development. Big nations and states tend to be polarizing in general. Big and heavily populated countries can naturally cause a fear in small countries. I actually learned more about myself than about Chinese themselves. As I learned the language, my information came first hand from Chinese people. While I was studying my BA in business, I started to study Chinese medicine and acupuncture. These studies exposed me further to 3000 years of Chinese culture through many concepts, such as yin and yang, which can be interpreted as change of day and night but also change of seasons or economic cycles. Yin and yang together with five elements theory also relates to the way we see the food, thus dietology. I started applying these concepts to my own life, particular to work-life balance. Thanks to acupuncture, I was able to get rid of my chronical sinusitis, which I have been suffering for more than a decade. I spent 10 days in Nepal, doing meditation in total silence called Vipassana. Living in China is a constant journey where naturally by experiencing the culture, you get hints and clues not to look outside but also inwards. Yoga, meditation, thinking about what you eat, all these activities enable you to change and adapt your mindset.

How did you manage to keep work-life balance, as Asians are generally known for working long-hours?

This is another frequent stereotype which is not precise. First, you cannot stereotype a country of 1.3 billion of people. Chinese cities are divided based on income. Tier one cities represent Beijing with 21 million people, Shanghai with 24 million people or Guangzhou 13 million people. People working there follow what can be described as the Western corporate life-style. As we move to provinces, the income drops and the life-style relaxes. Not everyone works hard all the time. The difference grows much more significantly if you compare China to Japan. Chinese work style can be described as a bit flexible and unorganized, everything gets accomplished at the very last minute. Japanese people are more hierarchical, process is more predictable and rules are strictly followed. My first experience with yin and yang occurred during my high-school studies in Thailand. Apart from sciences, we had to do arts, sports and social works. They took us to orphanage and as I was the vice-president of Rotaract, I soon became involved in fundraising. In the West, we often think that poor people are not happy. I could see people less fortunate than we are, but they still managed to keep a positive attitude. They cherished more relations and were less craving for possession.

You studied in Thailand, in China and in Japan. What were the differences?

High school studies in China are very tough and competitive because of the final national exam which determines the acceptance to the university. Once students are accepted to a university, they become more relaxed. Atmosphere during BA studies in China reminded me more of high-school scenario in Europe. I also was travelling a lot. I could see how China has influenced surrounding countries. In Korea, you get to see many temples with Chinese inscriptions, as China was exporting its culture and heritage in history. With exception, China, as a landlock country, has never pursued an expansionary foreign policy in the long term. The Chinese concept of expansion is of a different nature. Tianxia (Chinese: 天下) that can be translated as “All under the heaven” recognized the Emperor as the center of the universe and once China united, there was no need to expand further. Look at the natural boundaries surrounding China: Siberia in the North, sea to the East, Gobi desert to the West and Himalayas to the south. The expansion therefore took the form of diplomatic and economic influence. Chinese are more traders than warriors. New silk road connecting Asia and Europe follows upon the old tradition.

You have often mentioned food, but not only because of its flavor but also a key to the culture.

In Europe, each of us has own plate with own food and the tables are usually square or rectangle shaped. Such behavior reflects our atomistic approach in terms of dissecting things, analyzing things, understanding a paradigm for one specific item only, not taking other things into consideration. In China, you have a big roundtable. You share all the dishes with others. The culture is more holistic. In Europe, we focus on contracts and we do not cultivate relationships. In China, you have to go for a lunch, for a dinner, you have to drink. The point of getting a foreigner drunk is to get to know him better. Trust is the baseline. How can you do a business with someone you do not know? This is why much business is done with friends, relatives or based on peer to peer recommendation. Definitely, knowing the language helps you a great deal to get to know, develop trust and better understand your counterparts. This being said brings me to the beginning. People who are interested in the region should travel there and try to be exposed to the culture as much as possible, since “ We don’t see things as they are, but as we are”.

By Linda Štucbartová

“We would be happy if our MEPs listened to us and protected national interests rather than keeping the voting line of their European political groups”

Alena Mastantuono, Director of CEBRE – Czech Business Representation to the EU

Alena Mastantuono graduated at the Palacky University in Olomouc and at the Masaryk University in Brno with major in Economics and Public Administration. She has been dealing with EU affairs since 2005. She worked at the Czech Ministry of Finance on preparations of ministers ́ mandates for meetings of Economic and Financial Council. In 2007, she joined CEBRE as a Deputy Director and in 2011 she became a Director. In 2015, CEBRE office got a new competence to offer Czech Trade export services on Belgian market. Alena Mastantuono is a permanent delegate of the Czech Chamber of Commerce in EUROCHAMBRES and alternate in European Economic and Social Committee. She publishes and lectures about specific EU issues.

Server info.cz chose you as the one of the 50 most influential Czechs in Brussels. What kind of change can we expect with the May European elections?

In general, an increase in seats for populists and nationalists is expected, pulling down the number of seats of the two biggest political groups in the Parliament. Approximately half of the serving MEPs are expected to change as a result of the election. According to predictions, the European People ́s Party will remain the strongest party in the European Parliament followed by the Socialists and Democrats and then the Liberals in third place. Everything depends on a possible reshuffle among the groups, some national parties might join other groups and also new groups may be formed after the elections. What is certain is that we will have newly elected MEPs, whose parties are not present in the European Parliament in the current mandate, for example, new parties that have emerged at the national level in recent years. One of them is Macron’s “La République en Marche”. Given its political nature, its MEPs should head to ALDE but Macron ́s ambition is to create a centrist coalition. A new parliamentary group can be formed by 25 MEPs coming from at least a quarter of EU Member states, which is not an easy task. Concerning newly elected Czech MEPs, we do not know where the Pirate Party is heading. Last but not least, Brexit – if happening before European elections, will also have an impact as 72 British MEPs are due to leave and the number of the European Parliament seats will drop to 705 from today’s 751.

When will the new Commission be confirmed?

The EU institutions predict that the new Commission will be elected at the second
Parliament ́s plenary in October. This means that the inaugural plenary session of the newly- elected Parliament should take place in July and, at its second July plenary, the Parliament will have the first opportunity to elect the Commission ́s president. During September and October, the first hearings of Commissioner- designates should take place. This is, however an ideal and very ambitious plan. It might happen that the institutions will not agree on the leader of the Commission or that some Commissioner- designates might not pass the hearings in the Parliament, meaning that the whole process will be delayed.

But we have the Spitzenkandidaten. Why should they not agree on the leader?

First and foremost, because the Spitzenkandidat process is not written in the EU treaties, it is rather a gentlemen’s agreement. EU treaties require the Council, acting by qualified majority, to nominate a Commission president for Parliament’s approval, taking into account the results of the European Parliament election. However, European leaders made it clear that they won’t be bound by the Spitzenkandidat process. What we cannot deny is that it is a great marketing tool. A continent- wide campaign gives more visibility to EU issues and offers the chance to discuss them with a wider public.

Does it mean there are other potential candidates?

Different scenarios are possible and only the election results will show which one of them was the right one. Imagine that a party without a Spitzenkandidat wins. The Liberals preferred a „team of liberal leaders“ instead of nominating one lead candidate. I presume that the winner would be the leader of the party, Guy Verhofstadt, who was already a lead candidate in 2014. Another possibility is that there could be a new political group formed in the European Parliament that did not have a chance to present its political leader in the race. Another scenario is that, hypothetically, the Spitzenkandidat has not been elected in his or her country and I can ́t imagine that he or she could be proposed as the President of the Commission. That would contradict the democratic principle so eagerly emphasised by the groups. And finally, the Council could propose its own candidate. In the corridors of Brussels there are rumours that Michel Barnier could be a suitable candidate for this position. Barnier is a former EU Commissioner and the current EU chief negotiator with the UK. He has already shown interest in this job when he challenged Jean-Claude Juncker in 2014. He is very committed to the single market and would easily get support from both the left and the right. The single market agenda has been very weak in the Juncker ́s Commission. Barnier could give a positive impetus to draw the single market back into the political debate. That is very important for us.

Why should the single market be so important when there are other key issues such as migration or security?

The single market is the centre of EU integration and that’s why migration and security are linked to it. If we do not have a fully functional single market, then we cannot properly deal with other challenges. What is causing a headache for Czech businesses is the lack of ownership of the single market and growing national protectionism from bigger countries such as France and Germany. This started due to the pressure from their trade unions and businesses to better protect their markets against competition from the new Member States. These are not Brussels bureaucrats who are often wrongly blamed for additional bureaucracy, it is clearly a national protectionism hidden under the guise of social or environmental aspects to which some countries refer. We have reached a momentum where the four freedoms of the single market are being disregarded. And what is even worse is that the watchdog of EU legislation is inactive because it is highly political. Some eurocrats became sceptical as they see themselves becoming helpless. Tools such as infringements, which are legal actions against an EU country that fails to implement EU law, have lost their importance. We witness infringement procedures against France or Germany lasting for years or being stopped without justification.

Do you have concrete examples in mind?

A specific example is the field of posting of road transport workers. The Commission initiated the infringement with Germany in May 2015 and no decision has yet been taken. The solution is to set clear deadlines within these procedures, which the Commission should respect, thus avoiding, among other things, purely political pressures. The Czech Republic is a strong supporter of the single market in Brussels. Let us hope that after Brexit we will find strong allies who will blunt the force of this Franco-German axis with us.

On what priorities in the framework of the single market should the Commission focus in the next period?

Businesses would appreciate a stocktaking of EU legislation and a reduction of undue restrictiveness. The less legislation we have, the better. There is still a lot to be done in the services sector. If the next Commission can do something, then it should examine how this area can be improved. Member States differ in many ways regarding how intrusively they regulate services. The current Commission put forward a couple of positive proposals that were unfortunately watered down in the Council or the Parliament. The reason in many cases was again national protectionism. Besides the services sector, the biggest potential lies in the exchange of goods. Although this area is highly regulated, we need to improve it. At the moment, the EU institutions are discussing the so called goods package that is about mutual recognition, compliance and enforcement. Nothing can be better than good enforcement and implementation. A major problem is that EU institutions claim repeatedly to be in favour of pursuing the benefits of a genuine single market, but in actual practice this credo is not followed at home in many Member States.

Does Czech business have its priorities for the future institutional mandate?

Yes, we have common business priorities of our founders for the period 2019-2024. We have already presented them to Czech candidates running for the European Parliament elections and we will send them to the newly elected Members as soon as they secure their parliamentary seats. Current MEPs know our opinions. We regularly inform them during the mandate and try to explain our concerns to them. We would be happy if our MEPs listened to us and protected national interests rather than keeping the voting line of their European political groups thus supporting the creation of growth and jobs in other Members States by favouring national protectionism.

What will the EU look like in the future?

We will certainly be more diverse, culturally diluted and identities will be even more fluid than today, due to further EU enlargement and migration. The total fertility rate in the EU is decreasing and our population is getting older. As a consequence, the dependency ratio is increasing. A relatively easy solution is to increase retirement ages as well as the number of active workers. If we cannot find them in our market, we have to go beyond its borders. That is exactly what the Czech Republic is doing today with Ukraine or Mongolia. Businesses will also change their behaviour and business models thanks to digitization which can also be an opportunity in case of ageing population and the lack of active workers. Businesses will also adapt to regulatory shifts regarding climate change issues and circular economy. The security aspect will also play its role, be it online or offline. All these challenges will have to be put into an economic context. Worsening economic conditions could be a major factor in how the trade agenda plays out. Trade wars and protectionism could still be on the table. The EU will have to adapt to these challenges and it is up to the Member States and their citizens to decide what role the EU should play. In the last 15 months, the vision for the future of Europe was the subject of speeches of some EU leaders in the European Parliament. It gives a good insight to what some Member States want from the EU. I hope the trend of discussions will continue throughout the new institutional mandate and that we will have the chance to hear the vision of the Czech Republic. We need a clear vision with a coherent strategy on what expectations we have from the EU and what role we want to play in the European project.

By Linda Štucbartová

Future for the upcoming generation

MUDr. Zdeněk Hřib, Mayor of Prague

Although he studied at Charles University’s Third Faculty of Medicine, he has never worked as a doctor. With tongue in cheek, he says of himself that he is not a doctor of people, but of systems. As director of the charitable organisation Institut pro aplikovaný výzkum, edukaci a řízení ve zdravotnictví (the Institute for Applied Research, Education and Management in Healthcare), he was involved in many working groups at the national, EU and worldwide level, and has published many studies on IT, quality and services efficiency. He was the Pirate Party’s leader for Prague in the 2018 municipal election. Not only was he elected to Prague City Council, he subsequently became the first city mayor in the world nominated by the Pirate Party. As mayor, he is responsible for IT, security, European funds and foreign relations, amongst other areas. He is also the Czech Pirate Party’s member of the VZP health insurance company’s management board. Zdeněk Hřib is married and has three children. Along with its new mayor, energy and hope came to Prague, as well as a major change in communication. On the day of the 20th anniversary of the Czech Republic joining NATO, Prague citizens had the opportunity to hear the mayor greeting them in Czech and English in the metro to tell them of the anniversary. The current mayor provides information on his events on social networks, holds open meetings with city residents and is much more accommodating with journalists. Our meeting was held at the council building. Upon entering the New City Hall building, the porter proudly declared that the mayor was already at work. While waiting for the interview, I had the opportunity to watch some of his closest team members doing their everyday business, and as a Prague-born native I found it a pleasing experience. Two colleagues were setting off to check the condition of Prague’s bridges, while another two were looking at the IT systems and how to make communication even more accessible to citizens. Did you know, for example, that all Pirate councillors have a shared calendar, so you can check what activities they are involved in? My wish for all Prague citizens is that the ideas and innovations coming from the “New City Hall” can be successfully propagated.

Mr Mayor, has your perception of Prague changed since taking up your post? Are you able to just walk around Prague, or do you immediately notice shortcomings in terms of mess, shabby buildings or poor-quality paths?

I don’t have a lot of time to walk through Prague; I spend all my time at work. My perception of Prague has changed in terms of scale. While I used to see problems within my neighbourhood, such as on my journey to nursery school with my kids, now I see problems throughout the whole of Prague.

Your original profession is as a doctor. Comparing Prague to a patient, what ailments does it suffer from?

Well, in fact, I proposed that we should diagnose Prague using medical terminology during the election campaign. From my perspective, Prague suffers chronic problems in its backbone infrastructure (meaning the lack of a city bypass) along with acute accommodation insufficiencies (lack of accessible housing), its information services are displaying signs of senility (they are outdated), and there is clearly also a photosynthetic carrier deficiency (lack of greenery in streets). In the end, we decided to take a different tack in the whole campaign, but I wouldn’t change anything in my initial diagnosis.

Your programme offers a vision for the 21st century based on an information society, compared to the traditional industrial society of the last century and the one before that. How are you succeeding in pursuing this vision within the city?

It is often said of municipal politics that results are visible earlier. For a city the size of Prague, which is also a region, this is not true. The large investment projects we have launched, such as the metro D-line and the extension of a number of tram lines, won’t be completed during this council term. The advantage is that I can concentrate “only” on the problems of Prague itself. Restricting problems to one specific and also compact region makes the problems a little simpler. I must also note, however, that we took over Prague in quite a poor state, with bridges collapsing on the one hand, and road works due to various repairs on the other, meaning that it was hard to traverse the city.

You made thorough preparations for the post of future mayor through studying new trends and visiting cities that can serve as a model. What are you going to do to make sure Prague isn’t just a beautiful city, but also a smart one?

In terms of smart cities, Barcelona has long been considered a leader within Europe, with a congress on the issue taking place there every year. Barcelona became a pioneer in the field so it had to seek out many innovative solutions, and not only did it break new ground for other cities to follow, but it has also set itself a positive and sustainable course. In Barcelona, three quarters of the budget is invested in so-called open-source projects. In every contract the city signs with its suppliers, it includes a clause on data sovereignty, meaning that data produced in operating the city is its own property and the city can do with it as it needs. Open data is one of the principles of smart cities. Data that allows not just for increased citizen comfort, but also improved city management. We are launching mobile reception in the metro, the option of paying for regular fees by credit or debit card (such as for a dog licence), the option of applying electronically for use of a street for entrepreneurs (e.g. to run a beer garden), and online information on current tram delays and available P+R parking capacity. It is these measures that relate to the running of a smart city, which under the previous leadership had been reduced to buying “smart benches and smart lamp-posts”.

I’m surprised you haven’t mentioned Vienna, which has taken the top spot in a list of cities in terms of quality of living, and which is often given as a model…

We could learn how to avoid a housing crisis from Vienna, but only if we had decades available to us. And we don’t. We can find inspiration from Vienna in terms of culture, for example. It is true, though, that Vienna is close to us both culturally and historically.

What about Amsterdam?

In general, there are a lot of examples in many areas in Holland for the Pirates. Amsterdam can provide inspiration in matters of transport solutions, or support for alternative means of transport. On the other hand, we know we’re not all going to start cycling everywhere overnight.

The May elections to the European Parliament are ahead of us. How can you convey the connections between the local-national and EU levels to citizens?

The key problem with the European Parliament elections is the traditionally low voter turnout these elections have. Turnout the last time was around 19 %. When that happens, it’s really easy for populists and other special interest groups to dominate the election. So it’s important to explain the importance of these elections to people. A broad range of legislation comes to the Czech Republic from the EU. For the Pirate Party, there are fundamental issues in these elections such as freedom of information, copyright, matters regarding the free movement of people, and more. In terms of the connections between these three levels, the ideal solution would be to elect Pirate candidates (laughs), which will ensure one hundred percent interconnectedness. For the Pirates, a well-informed citizen making free choices is important, representing the connection between these three different levels.

I’ve been instructed to give you the following two questions by my fifteen- year-old daughter Lada. How do you perceive the role of the young generation?

I perceive the young generation to be very important. A lot of decisions we are making won’t affect our generation, or the generation of our parents, but rather the upcoming generation. Issues regarding the environment and ecology and related strategic energy plans show that any fundamental decisions made or turning around of the ship won’t bear fruit for decades. Decisions made within these issues won’t just determine the cleanliness of the environment we’re going to be living in, but will also fundamentally affect our geopolitical orientation. At the city level, we take the support of the upcoming generation seriously; we recently approved a change to the rules of procedure, removing the age limit for speaking at council meetings. Citizens can now submit a question, or speak in debates on specific points (you can also register electronically) with no restriction on age. As mayor, I provide patronage for a broad range of events that promote learning about democracy amongst the young generation, such as the Model UN and the Student Parliament. We also endeavour to accommodate student events such as, for example, by providing a venue.

How are you changing the current education system?

I think the fundamental problem is in teachers’ workload, which does not allow them sufficient time for further training. In contrast to previous school investments, which have gone toward so-called hardware in the form of school buildings, or equipment such as interactive boards, we want to invest in what we term software, meaning teacher training. We want to invest in exchange programmes for teachers, whether these are Erasmus Plus or Eurocities; we’ve just joined the Xarxa organisation, which is focused on secondary school vocational training. Through our endeavours at reducing administration, we hope that teachers will have more time and space for the mutual sharing of experience and mentoring. In this area, we are highly dependent on what is happening at the national level. On the other hand, at the city level we can impact the level of teachers’ pay and provide city apartments. Furthermore, apartment provision doesn’t just go to teachers, but also to other important professions. Over the next year, we are going to try to change the conditions set up nationwide so they are not based solely on the weakest regions, something Prague cannot compete within.

Do you have a final word for Czech and Slovak Leaders Magazine readers?

Vote in the European Parliament elections. I’ve already said how important these elections are, but I want to again stress their importance not just for the Czech Republic, but for the European Union as a whole. Few people realise that it is the European Parliament that is going to vote again on the controversial bill on copyright rules for the internet. This is about whether the internet is going to keep its current form, or whether new regulations will be applied to it on a common digital market, resulting in strict censorship. I’m glad the Pirate Party has Marcel Kolaja as its leader, an expert in IT and copyright.

By Linda Štucbartová

Congratulations and Thank You, Ma’am!

Dr. Meda Marie Mládková

This year, Dr. Meda Marie Mládková is celebrating her 100th birthday. This petite lady had until recently held a large number of roles with energy and grace, and these have gradually been taken over by one medium-large team. Meda Mládková’s second career began after the Velvet Revolution when she returned to Czechoslovakia from exile in the USA. Meda was 72 years old when she returned alone to her home country. Her husband, the economist Jan Mládek, did not live to see the change of regime, having died in September 1989. At an age when others are well into enjoying their retirement, Meda embarked with energy and vigour on a project of renovating Museum Kampa; at 89 years of age she started a project renovating the renowned Werich Villa, and at 98 years old she decided to support the inception of a unique exhibition of Czech glass as part of a new Museum of Glass in the renovated Portheimka Palace. Over her life, Meda Mládková has combined various roles as philanthropist, collector and patron of the arts, expert in modern art and tireless ambassador for Czech art and culture in general.

I remember the day I first met Meda. It was the day of my 40th birthday party, and Meda wished me not just happiness and energy, but also that I feel fulfilled and proud of the work I undertake. In Museum Kampa’s courtyard, she proudly showed me the museum’s motto: “If the culture survives, then so too does the nation.” Even during the depths of communist totalitarianism, Meda never gave up her Czech passport.

February’s flu epidemic thwarted a reunion with Meda.

The interview was thus held with the core Museum Kampa – Jan and Meda Mládek Foundation team: I asked its Chairman of the Board of Directors, Jiří Pospíšil, Director Jan Smetana and member of the Board of Directors Jana Hrstková not just to tell the story of Meda as few know it, but also to reveal the secret of how Meda Mládková’s 100 birthday celebrations will pan out.

What do the public not know about Meda?

Few realise the current breadth of museums Meda has built and supported. From Museum Kampa, which focuses on modern art, to the Werich Villa, which doesn’t just recall the legacy of Prague’s Liberated Theatre, but whose space also builds on its tradition, encouraging further cultural encounters, discussions or dance, and musical evenings. We warmly invite all readers to visit the Museum of Glass in the Baroque Portheimka Palace in Smíchov, which joined the institutions administered by the Mládek Foundation last year. Besides collecting pictures, Meda has also focused on artists who have worked with glass. She held a unique exhibition promoting Czech glass in Washington in the 1980s.

When she lived in the USA, Meda was not just a true ambassador for Czech culture, but she also supported young artists, and in today’s terminology was also a unique “networker”.

Again, few people realise that the Mládeks’ famous house in Georgetown was visited by renowned politicians, writers and artists. She displayed artists’ pictures in her home, held exhibitions and invited well- known guests there to whom she presented Czech artists. Many Czech artists who got the opportunity to travel to the USA found not just support from the Mládeks, but also a place to stay, including being introduced and presented to American society. It is no exaggeration to say that Czechoslovakia’s true embassy at that time was to be found at the Mládeks’ home. Mrs. Mládek’s efforts at bringing cultures together are also evidenced by letters from Václav Havel when she tried to get a Ford Foundation grant for him.
It was Meda who supported the young talented artist Emilie Beneš Brzezinski, President Beneš’s niece, who married the influential political scientist and American foreign policy power-broker, Zbigniew Brzezinski. Meda’s passion and willingness to support Czech art knew no bounds. She once even sold her house in order to buy a Kupka painting, which she later donated to the National Gallery in Washington, where it remains displayed as part of its permanent exhibition. During the communist totalitarianism, she supported Czech artists by purchasing pictures and organising exhibitions, not just in America, but also in Europe. Her vision in this regard was truly unsurpassable, and without all she did then there would be nothing to build on today.

What happened to her legacy in America after she returned home?

Meda’s legacy in the USA was not diminished even after she left, and her name is often mentioned in cultural and societal circles. For example, a Jiří Kolář exhibition was implemented at the start of this year through her American-based Central and Eastern European Art Foundation. This unique Jiří Kolář exhibition, Forms of Visual Poetry, containing works from the Museum Kampa collection, is being held at the American University Museum, Katzen Arts Center, Washington DC until 17 March 2019. Many renowned figures have visited this exhibition, and so another opportunity has arisen to remind the world of the importance of Czech art in a global context, and build further co-operation with other cultural institutions in the USA.

What’s it like to work with Meda?

Meda is determined and adamant. She is incredibly tenacious, a great debater. She never gives in to her age. At a time when many people complain they don ́t have the energy for certain things, she got started on building Museum Kampa and renovating Sova’s Mills. Her motto is: If you want to, you can. She’s had to fight hard for all her museums, whether with bureaucracy, conservationists or the proverbial Czech small-mindedness in general.

I put my final question to Jiří Pospíšil, who as Chairman is, with the Board of Directors, in closest contact with Meda. Can you reveal how Meda’s birthday celebrations will pan out?

We’ve conceived this year as Meda’s year. We’re planning a lot of exhibitions, meetings and other events at Museum Kampa. We warmly invite all readers to view the play Meda. Tatiana Vilhelmová will be playing the title role. The play is a representation of Meda’s life from the age of 14 to today. The play will be performed on the summer stage from June to September. It will be performed under open skies in Museum Kampa’s courtyard. The final performance will be held on 8 September 2019, on the day of Meda Mládková’s 100th birthday.

Linda Štucbartová

TAKE CONTROL of your own health

Dr. Monika Koubová, Lifestyle Medicine Physician

MUDr. Monika Koubová has spent over twenty years working in internal medicine in a hospital, as emergency physician in the pre-hospital acute care and in the emergency ward, saving patients. After many years managing life threatening health conditions she has come to learn that it is important not just to treat disease, but especially to prevent it. As such, she was the first board-certified Lifestyle Medicine Physician in the Czech Republic. Did you know that up to 70% of chronic diseases that heavily impact health care budgets can be stopped, reversed or even cured? Although we met up during the week, our interview took place over a home-cooked lunch. We discussed epigenetics findings, superfoods, silent killers and, in particular, how small changes in our habits can bring large results. There were also lighter-hearted moments during our serious discussions. MUDr. Monika Koubová can explain even complex scientific principles in an understandable and humorous manner.

Monika, you tell your patients that you can’t guarantee beauty or slimness. The traditional viewpoint of “lifestyle medicine” is that it deals with lifestyle diseases and their prevention.

The medical approach in lifestyle medicine is not about slimming, as one might assume here in the Czech Republic according to the various advisory studies that have been proliferating. In Australia, America and Great Britain, this term signifies a modern medical science based on long term research, which has led to an approach to chronic diseases of the modern era being stopped or cured. The huge range of what at first sight seem to be unrelated diseases has one common denominator: the modern era and our habits, or rather bad habits, which result in pathophysiological changes within our organism. Diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, heart attacks, autoimmune diseases and renal failure, which, for example, affect 10% of the population, without half of those affected being aware of it. 920 000 citizens of the Czech Republic suffer from diabetes, and it is estimated that by 2030 the number of type 2 diabetics will grow to 1 200 000. And those suffering congenital type 1 diabetes comprise just about 3 % of patients with diabetes.

You say that we rely too much on our own family histories. When I was in hospital in January, it seemed almost absurd to me, at 42 years old, that they were asking me about illnesses suffered by my parents and grandparents. I realised that it was I who was responsible for my condition. I would add self-critically that I had not been particularly responsible.

The belief that we inherit diseases from our parents remains prevalent. We do not inherit most of the diseases; we create them. If your grandmother died of a stroke, then that may have been the consequence of poorly treated high blood pressure, or many other related causes. Until the age of 40, our body is able to seemingly forgive a lot, but after that all our sins are summed up. With added interest. Preventive medicine has been a subject of study in the West for over 30 years as a result of the rapid increase in lifestyle diseases in developed countries. The modern era changes our biorhythms, lifestyle regime and thus the functioning of our whole body. Thanks to modern medicine, we are able to extend life expectancy. We have great cardiac and cardio-surgical clinics, specialized stroke units, diabetes and oncology centres, transplant medicine and the development of new medicines is significant. Behind an extended life expectancy, however, there is a rapid fall in vitality, and patients thus spend the last 10 to 20 years of their life dependent and reliant on the care of others. Even cancer research has shown that only 5-10% of tumours are inherited. You can even investigate the specific genes responsible for a tumour. Other types of cancer arise through pathological mutations during cellular division.

So we come to epigenetics as a field of medicine with great potential.

Epigenetics demonstrates that we can affect the behaviour of up to 70% of our genes regardless of our particular genome. We ourselves can influence whether most of our genes work for us or against us. I wouldn’t recommend going blind into genome screening without subsequent consultation with an expert who can recommend suitable adjustments to your lifestyle and diet. I compare epigenetics to a lock – it’s up to us whether we give a free pass to diseases and let them develop, or whether we stand up to the challenge of even poor genetic makeup and adjust our overall lifestyle. I don’t want to talk purely about alimentation. It can happen that we need to add some elements through vitamins, minerals, or even medicine in general. This incredibly complex field has had to set out its own path for itself outside the so-called mainstream of medicine, in which many studies are sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. Epigenetics studies on patients with prostate cancer have shown that a treatment programme incorporating just a minimum of the drugs necessary, but also stressing changes in diet, sleep and exercise, can suppress the activity of adverse genes while, in contrast, supporting the activity of beneficial genes. The outcome is a reduction in tumour growth. The same principles for influencing how our genes behave undoubtedly also apply in the effect on some other tumours.

Can this type of approach be used to improve overall fitness?

I tell patients who have had a heart attack that if they follow all the recommendations and take the necessary drugs, then no more arteries need become clogged up. One can also speak of diabetes without insulin. Patients with type 2 diabetes needn’t develop their disease into daily insulin administration. But if insulin is already vital, they can work towards achieving a half-dose. Insulin, which is vital for some, unfortunately causes obesity and is also carcinogenic. Although the lifestyle regime measures I propose are more intensive, they bring results. Clinical studies have shown that through the right micronutrients one can reduce telomere shortening, leading to the slowing of the ageing process. All the procedures I use are the result of science-based clinical studies verified on specific patients. Although we have known some of the results for 30 years, the increase in lifestyle diseases demonstrates that we still haven’t learnt. A wider adoption of this medical approach will require not just much greater doctor training, but also a change in their rewarding. The current system is set up such that we are treating patients, not healthy people. I don’t want to always be treating my patients; I would rather restore them to health.

Diet is one of the key components of a healthy lifestyle. But dietary recommendations change so frequently that it is easy for the lay person to become confused.

There was a massive growth in the food industry during the 1970s, and food began to be produced industrially. Remember the film The Wing or the Thigh in which Louis de Funès fought against Tricatel? Industrially produced food, however, contain not enough of important micronutrients such as enzymes, vitamins and minerals which provide important nutrition to our bodies. Food can contain up to 100 thousand various micronutrients. There are also a lot of trends that promote erroneous and unhealthy dietary recommendations. I’ve got a patient who followed a ketogenic diet for 13 years, meaning she ate lots of fats and proteins, and no carbohydrates. At 52 years of age, she is experiencing severe osteoporosis, and has suffered necrosis of the hip joint. Paradoxically, osteoporosis is most prevalent in countries that consume a lot of meat and dairy products. The motto of milk for healthy bones is obsolete. Dairy products are tasty, but they provide excessive fat and salt. We absorb twice as much calcium from dark green vegetables such as broccoli, kale and Savoy cabbage, while also getting twice as much of calcium and a lot of protein from them. Another widespread myth is the advice to consume a lot of protein. We do need protein, but a specific quantity should be recommended on the basis of age and physical activity. Growing children, people over 65 and active athletes need larger amounts of protein than the rest of the population. In contrast to fats and sugars, the body is unable to store protein except of in our muscles. However to achieve that, our muscles must exercise. As such, it is better to consume protein in smaller amounts over the course of the day rather than all at once. And almost all of us suffer from a lack of fibre in our diet. Fibre is not just important for gut function, but it is also a food for the so-called microbiome. Up to two kilograms of our body weight comprises bacteria, bacterial films and the bacterial community in our gut. This collection is sometimes called our second brain, and only in recent years have researchers focused on its functions and importance. Again, if we take lactobacilli without the necessary fibre, then the lactobacilli won’t stay in our gut anyway, something the television commercials don’t stress. Instead of lactobacilli tablets, you can also eat sauerkraut or kimchi.

You’ve invited me to a home-made lunch. Your favourite motto is: Have all the colours of the rainbow on your plate and you don’t need to count the calories.

I’ve cooked home-made pheasant from South Bohemia. My 81-year-old father, a walking advertisement for lifestyle medicine, hunted and gutted it. He is still active, runs a medical practice once a week, teaches at university and is also an active hunter. The portion of meat is a lot smaller than that served in restaurants; about 0.8 grams of proteins per kilo weight per day is enough. And protein isn’t just in meat. We’ve got a beetroot, celery, rocket and chard salad as a side. I’ve gone for groats instead of rice, which contains protein, and surprisingly also fat, as well as slow-release carbohydrates. I follow the recommendations I give my patients. I hate diets and I’m not going to be counting calories. I give my clients a graph in which I draw a thick line. If you eat the recommended foods, you’re not going to feel hungry, you’re going to have enough nutrients, and it won’t be so hard to maintain the regime. Other foods won’t spoil the diet, but I only recommend a very small amount. And don’t ignore the folk wisdom that hunger is hidden thirst. I recommend drinking at least a quarter litre of water a quarter of an hour before a meal. During the day and overnight, we perspire about 3⁄4 litre of water, so it is important to drink properly in the morning. You can also begin every meal with a salad like Italian, Swiss and other of the healthiest nations do.

What happens in the initial examination and subsequent treatment?

I begin with a comprehensive initial examination, and on the basis of the problem or risks I determine what laboratory tests need to be done. I focus on examinations, which provide information of early signs of diseases. One of the tests is patented by Harvard Medical School for example. As it is comprehensive, this initial examination doesn’t take 10 minutes, but rather an hour. It is important to eliminate medical conditions which are not related to wide range of lifestyle diseases (e.g. thyroid disease). On the basis of the results, I propose suitable measures, whether they be medicines, or dietary or other changes. The number one killer now is no longer cigarettes, but rather a lack of exercise. Another silent killer is a lack of sleep. The first results following a change in overall regime come in 14 days, which is motivating for the patient. This is followed by further gradual changes. You can’t make too many dramatic changes at once, as they won’t be sustainable in the long run. Patients who come to me take control over their own health. I provide this programme to both individuals and companies. It has been shown in the USA, Canada and Australia that companies which invest in health improvement programmes (not to be confused with preventive examinations) don’t just have healthier employees, but also more motivated, more loyal and more satisfied employees. Corporate programmes, and also team workshops, take place on the basis of group consultations. The programme can reveal individuals’premature diseases, while also fostering a positive relationship to health and fitness in the company in general. Employees learn which habits they need to change for better long lasting health, their diet and spend quality time together and learn about new findings in the nutrition and food supplements field. And, of course, I work on the basis of evidence-based procedures, with the programme beginning and ending with laboratory tests.

By Linda Štucbartová